In November 2014, the cities of Donetsk and Luhansk, belonging to the Donbas oblast, voted in a referendum to secede from Ukraine, so the Kiev authorities launched a "special anti-terrorist operation" to wipe out the separatist forces.
The mainly pro-Russian population was locked in a war of attrition. Many of them had to take refuge in shelters during the fighting. At Christmas 2014, a truce was reached and the Minsk negotiations began.
By the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the Dombas war had resulted in more than 14,000 civilian and combatant casualties on both sides.