Public Project
Baía Viva
Summary
Since the first Indigenous people arrived on its shores, Rio de Janeiro's Guanabara Bay has sustained countless generations. But what was once an ecological paradise is now one of the most heavily polluted coastal regions in the world. While the recent privatization of the state water utility brings new hope for a better future, it is also the latest chapter in a long history of broken promises to clean up the Guanabara. Skeptical of the government’s claims but not without hope, local environmentalists and artisanal fishermen continue to fight for a better future.
In 2020, Greater Rio de Janeiro saw eighteen thousand litres of raw sewage released into the bay each second, nearly half of all waste water in the metropolitan area of thirteen million. Everything from household trash to industrial waste, furniture and corpses can be found in the bay’s murky waters. Progressive laws are practically useless in a state that is a byword for corruption and impunity. Poor in governance but rich in deep-sea petroleum, more than two million litres of crude oil has been spilt in the country's second-busiest port to complement its toxic levels of mercury and ammonia.
Yet still the Guanabara endures, a living testament to nature’s resilience and capacity for renewal. Studies indicate that if all pollution were to one day cease, after no less than five years the bay will have completely recycled its waters. In one of the most unequal cities in the world where environmental concerns are secondary at best, it is the poor and working classes who have the most to lose from this injustice and the most to gain from its reversal.
In 2021, after decades of broken promises to clean up the Guanabara, the local government began the privatization of Rio’s state sanitation corporation, CEDAE. Time will tell if this new chapter will lead to the bay's long-awaited renewal. For defenders of a Baía Viva, a living bay, this justice remains a tiresome, frustrating and often lonely struggle. But when asked about the future there comes the common refrain: hope is the last to die.
Read the full report for Mongabay in English ou em Portugues.
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